Formulierverwerkingspatronen
Formulierverwerking is een van de centrale functies in webapplicatieontwikkeling. Met RxJS kunt u efficiënt reactieve en gebruiksvriendelijke formulieren implementeren.
Dit artikel beschrijft specifieke patronen van formulierverwerking die in de praktijk nodig zijn, zoals realtime validatie, automatisch opslaan en integratie van meerdere velden.
Wat u in dit artikel leert
- Realtime validatie implementeren
- Automatisch opslaan functionaliteit (debounce + distinctUntilChanged)
- Meerdere velden combineren (combineLatest)
- Voorwaardelijke veldweergave
- Verzendverwerking en dubbele verzending voorkomen (exhaustMap)
- Foutindicatie en reset afhandeling
- Formulierstatusbeheer
Vereisten
Dit artikel gaat uit van kennis van Hoofdstuk 3: Creation Functions en Hoofdstuk 4: Operators.
Realtime validatie
Probleem: Ik wil validatie uitvoeren bij elke invoer
Ik wil validatie uitvoeren bij elke gebruikersinvoer en onmiddellijk feedback geven.
Oplossing: debounceTime + distinctUntilChanged
import { fromEvent, map, debounceTime, distinctUntilChanged } from 'rxjs';
interface ValidationResult {
valid: boolean;
message: string;
}
const emailInput = document.createElement('input');
emailInput.id = 'email';
emailInput.type = 'email';
emailInput.placeholder = 'Voer e-mailadres in';
emailInput.style.padding = '10px';
emailInput.style.margin = '10px';
emailInput.style.width = '300px';
emailInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
emailInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
emailInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
document.body.appendChild(emailInput);
const emailError = document.createElement('div');
emailError.id = 'email-error';
emailError.style.margin = '0 10px 10px 10px';
emailError.style.color = '#f44336';
emailError.style.fontSize = '14px';
emailError.style.minHeight = '20px';
document.body.appendChild(emailError);
fromEvent(emailInput, 'input').pipe(
map(event => (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value.trim()),
debounceTime(300), // Wacht 300ms nadat invoer is gestopt
distinctUntilChanged() // Negeer als waarde hetzelfde is als laatste keer
).subscribe(email => {
const result = validateEmail(email);
if (result.valid) {
emailInput.style.borderColor = '#4CAF50';
emailError.textContent = '';
} else {
emailInput.style.borderColor = '#f44336';
emailError.textContent = result.message;
}
});
// E-mailadresvalidatie
function validateEmail(email: string): ValidationResult {
if (email.length === 0) {
return { valid: false, message: 'Voer uw e-mailadres in' };
}
const emailRegex = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
if (!emailRegex.test(email)) {
return { valid: false, message: 'E-mailadresformaat is onjuist' };
}
return { valid: true, message: '' };
}Realtime validatiepunten
- Wacht op invoerstop met
debounceTime(300)(om overmatige verwerking te voorkomen) - Voorkom dubbele validatie met
distinctUntilChanged() - Visuele feedback van validatieresultaten (CSS-klassen)
Meerdere validatieregels combineren
import { fromEvent, combineLatest, map, debounceTime, distinctUntilChanged, startWith } from 'rxjs';
interface PasswordValidation {
minLength: boolean;
hasUpperCase: boolean;
hasLowerCase: boolean;
hasNumber: boolean;
hasSpecialChar: boolean;
}
const passwordInput = document.createElement('input');
passwordInput.id = 'password';
passwordInput.type = 'password';
passwordInput.placeholder = 'Wachtwoord';
passwordInput.style.padding = '10px';
passwordInput.style.margin = '10px';
passwordInput.style.width = '300px';
passwordInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
passwordInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
passwordInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
passwordInput.style.display = 'block';
document.body.appendChild(passwordInput);
const confirmPasswordInput = document.createElement('input');
confirmPasswordInput.id = 'confirm-password';
confirmPasswordInput.type = 'password';
confirmPasswordInput.placeholder = 'Bevestig wachtwoord';
confirmPasswordInput.style.padding = '10px';
confirmPasswordInput.style.margin = '10px';
confirmPasswordInput.style.width = '300px';
confirmPasswordInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
confirmPasswordInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
confirmPasswordInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
confirmPasswordInput.style.display = 'block';
document.body.appendChild(confirmPasswordInput);
const confirmError = document.createElement('div');
confirmError.id = 'confirm-error';
confirmError.style.margin = '0 10px 10px 10px';
confirmError.style.color = '#f44336';
confirmError.style.fontSize = '14px';
confirmError.style.minHeight = '20px';
document.body.appendChild(confirmError);
// Validatiechecklistelementen maken
const validationContainer = document.createElement('div');
validationContainer.style.margin = '10px';
validationContainer.style.padding = '10px';
validationContainer.style.border = '1px solid #ddd';
validationContainer.style.borderRadius = '4px';
validationContainer.style.width = '300px';
document.body.appendChild(validationContainer);
const checkElements: Record<string, HTMLElement> = {};
const checks = [
{ id: 'check-length', label: 'Minimaal 8 tekens' },
{ id: 'check-uppercase', label: 'Bevat hoofdletter' },
{ id: 'check-lowercase', label: 'Bevat kleine letter' },
{ id: 'check-number', label: 'Bevat cijfer' },
{ id: 'check-special', label: 'Bevat speciaal teken' }
];
checks.forEach(({ id, label }) => {
const checkEl = document.createElement('div');
checkEl.id = id;
checkEl.textContent = `${label}`;
checkEl.style.padding = '5px';
checkEl.style.color = '#999';
validationContainer.appendChild(checkEl);
checkElements[id] = checkEl;
});
const password$ = fromEvent(passwordInput, 'input').pipe(
map(event => (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value),
debounceTime(300),
distinctUntilChanged(),
startWith('')
);
const confirmPassword$ = fromEvent(confirmPasswordInput, 'input').pipe(
map(event => (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value),
debounceTime(300),
distinctUntilChanged(),
startWith('')
);
// Wachtwoordvalidatie
password$.subscribe(password => {
const validation = validatePassword(password);
displayPasswordValidation(validation);
});
// Wachtwoordovereenkomstbevestiging
combineLatest([password$, confirmPassword$]).subscribe(
([password, confirmPassword]) => {
if (confirmPassword.length === 0) {
confirmError.textContent = '';
confirmPasswordInput.style.borderColor = '#ccc';
return;
}
if (password !== confirmPassword) {
confirmError.textContent = 'Wachtwoorden komen niet overeen';
confirmPasswordInput.style.borderColor = '#f44336';
} else {
confirmError.textContent = '';
confirmPasswordInput.style.borderColor = '#4CAF50';
}
}
);
function validatePassword(password: string): PasswordValidation {
return {
minLength: password.length >= 8,
hasUpperCase: /[A-Z]/.test(password),
hasLowerCase: /[a-z]/.test(password),
hasNumber: /[0-9]/.test(password),
hasSpecialChar: /[!@#$%^&*(),.?":{}|<>]/.test(password)
};
}
function displayPasswordValidation(validation: PasswordValidation): void {
const checkItems = [
{ id: 'check-length', valid: validation.minLength },
{ id: 'check-uppercase', valid: validation.hasUpperCase },
{ id: 'check-lowercase', valid: validation.hasLowerCase },
{ id: 'check-number', valid: validation.hasNumber },
{ id: 'check-special', valid: validation.hasSpecialChar }
];
checkItems.forEach(({ id, valid }) => {
const element = checkElements[id];
if (element) {
if (valid) {
element.style.color = '#4CAF50';
element.style.fontWeight = 'bold';
} else {
element.style.color = '#999';
element.style.fontWeight = 'normal';
}
}
});
}combineLatest gebruiken
Met combineLatest kunt u eenvoudig validatie implementeren die de waarden van meerdere velden combineert (bijv. wachtwoordovereenkomstcontrole).
Automatisch opslaan functionaliteit
Probleem: Ik wil concepten automatisch opslaan
Ik wil gebruikersinvoer periodiek automatisch opslaan om gegevensverlies te voorkomen.
Oplossing: debounceTime + switchMap
import { fromEvent, combineLatest, of, map, debounceTime, distinctUntilChanged, switchMap, catchError, tap, startWith } from 'rxjs';
interface DraftData {
title: string;
content: string;
lastSaved?: Date;
}
const titleInput = document.createElement('input');
titleInput.id = 'title';
titleInput.type = 'text';
titleInput.placeholder = 'Voer titel in';
titleInput.style.padding = '10px';
titleInput.style.margin = '10px';
titleInput.style.width = '500px';
titleInput.style.fontSize = '18px';
titleInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
titleInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
titleInput.style.display = 'block';
document.body.appendChild(titleInput);
const contentTextarea = document.createElement('textarea');
contentTextarea.id = 'content';
contentTextarea.placeholder = 'Voer inhoud in';
contentTextarea.rows = 10;
contentTextarea.style.padding = '10px';
contentTextarea.style.margin = '10px';
contentTextarea.style.width = '500px';
contentTextarea.style.fontSize = '16px';
contentTextarea.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
contentTextarea.style.borderRadius = '4px';
contentTextarea.style.display = 'block';
contentTextarea.style.resize = 'vertical';
document.body.appendChild(contentTextarea);
const saveStatus = document.createElement('div');
saveStatus.id = 'save-status';
saveStatus.style.margin = '10px';
saveStatus.style.fontSize = '14px';
saveStatus.style.color = '#666';
saveStatus.style.minHeight = '20px';
document.body.appendChild(saveStatus);
const title$ = fromEvent(titleInput, 'input').pipe(
map(event => (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value),
startWith('')
);
const content$ = fromEvent(contentTextarea, 'input').pipe(
map(event => (event.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value),
startWith('')
);
// Formulierwijzigingen volgen
combineLatest([title$, content$]).pipe(
map(([title, content]): DraftData => ({ title, content })),
debounceTime(2000), // Wacht 2 seconden nadat invoer is gestopt
distinctUntilChanged((prev, curr) =>
prev.title === curr.title && prev.content === curr.content
),
tap(() => {
saveStatus.textContent = 'Opslaan...';
saveStatus.style.color = '#FF9800';
}),
switchMap(draft =>
saveDraft(draft).pipe(
map(savedDraft => ({ ...savedDraft, success: true })),
catchError(err => {
console.error('Opslaan fout:', err);
return of({ ...draft, success: false });
})
)
)
).subscribe(result => {
if (result.success) {
saveStatus.textContent = `Opgeslagen (${formatTime(result.lastSaved!)})`;
saveStatus.style.color = '#4CAF50';
} else {
saveStatus.textContent = 'Opslaan mislukt';
saveStatus.style.color = '#f44336';
}
});
// Concept opslaan API (mock)
function saveDraft(draft: DraftData) {
console.log('Concept opslaan:', draft);
return of({
...draft,
lastSaved: new Date()
});
}
function formatTime(date: Date): string {
const hours = date.getHours().toString().padStart(2, '0');
const minutes = date.getMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0');
return `${hours}:${minutes}`;
}Automatisch opslaan flow
Best practices voor automatisch opslaan
- debounceTime: Stel geschikte vertraging in (1-3 seconden)
- distinctUntilChanged: Sla niet op als inhoud niet is gewijzigd
- switchMap: Annuleer oude verzoeken
- Visuele feedback: Toon opslagstatus aan gebruiker
Coördinatie van meerdere velden
Probleem: Ik wil weergave wijzigen volgens andere veldwaarden
Voorbeelden: Land selecteren wijzigt de provincielijst, verzendmethode wijzigt weergave verzendadresinvoer, enz.
Oplossing: combineLatest en withLatestFrom
import { fromEvent, of, map, startWith, switchMap } from 'rxjs';
interface Country {
code: string;
name: string;
}
interface Prefecture {
code: string;
name: string;
countryCode: string;
}
const countrySelect = document.createElement('select');
countrySelect.id = 'country';
countrySelect.style.padding = '10px';
countrySelect.style.margin = '10px';
countrySelect.style.fontSize = '16px';
countrySelect.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
countrySelect.style.borderRadius = '4px';
countrySelect.style.display = 'block';
// Landopties toevoegen
const countries: Country[] = [
{ code: '', name: 'Selecteer land' },
{ code: 'JP', name: 'Japan' },
{ code: 'US', name: 'Verenigde Staten' }
];
countries.forEach(country => {
const option = document.createElement('option');
option.value = country.code;
option.textContent = country.name;
countrySelect.appendChild(option);
});
document.body.appendChild(countrySelect);
const prefectureSelect = document.createElement('select');
prefectureSelect.id = 'prefecture';
prefectureSelect.style.padding = '10px';
prefectureSelect.style.margin = '10px';
prefectureSelect.style.fontSize = '16px';
prefectureSelect.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
prefectureSelect.style.borderRadius = '4px';
prefectureSelect.style.display = 'block';
// Voeg initiële lege optie toe
const emptyOption = document.createElement('option');
emptyOption.value = '';
emptyOption.textContent = 'Selecteer alstublieft';
prefectureSelect.appendChild(emptyOption);
document.body.appendChild(prefectureSelect);
const country$ = fromEvent(countrySelect, 'change').pipe(
map(() => countrySelect.value),
startWith(countrySelect.value)
);
// Update provincielijst wanneer land wijzigt
country$.pipe(
switchMap(countryCode =>
getPrefecturesByCountry(countryCode)
)
).subscribe(prefectures => {
updatePrefectureOptions(prefectureSelect, prefectures);
});
// Provincelijst ophalen van landcode (mock)
function getPrefecturesByCountry(countryCode: string) {
const prefectures: Record<string, Prefecture[]> = {
JP: [
{ code: '13', name: 'Tokyo', countryCode: 'JP' },
{ code: '14', name: 'Kanagawa', countryCode: 'JP' },
{ code: '27', name: 'Osaka', countryCode: 'JP' }
],
US: [
{ code: 'CA', name: 'Californië', countryCode: 'US' },
{ code: 'NY', name: 'New York', countryCode: 'US' },
{ code: 'TX', name: 'Texas', countryCode: 'US' }
]
};
return of(prefectures[countryCode] || []);
}
function updatePrefectureOptions(
select: HTMLSelectElement,
prefectures: Prefecture[]
): void {
select.innerHTML = '<option value="">Selecteer alstublieft</option>';
prefectures.forEach(pref => {
const option = document.createElement('option');
option.value = pref.code;
option.textContent = pref.name;
select.appendChild(option);
});
}Voorwaardelijke veldweergave
import { fromEvent, map, startWith } from 'rxjs';
const shippingMethodSelect = document.createElement('select');
shippingMethodSelect.id = 'shipping-method';
shippingMethodSelect.style.padding = '10px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.margin = '10px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.fontSize = '16px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
shippingMethodSelect.style.borderRadius = '4px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.display = 'block';
const shippingOptions = [
{ value: '', label: 'Selecteer verzendmethode' },
{ value: 'home-delivery', label: 'Thuisbezorging' },
{ value: 'store-pickup', label: 'Ophalen in winkel' }
];
shippingOptions.forEach(option => {
const optionEl = document.createElement('option');
optionEl.value = option.value;
optionEl.textContent = option.label;
shippingMethodSelect.appendChild(optionEl);
});
document.body.appendChild(shippingMethodSelect);
const homeDeliverySection = document.createElement('div');
homeDeliverySection.id = 'home-delivery';
homeDeliverySection.style.padding = '15px';
homeDeliverySection.style.margin = '10px';
homeDeliverySection.style.border = '2px solid #4CAF50';
homeDeliverySection.style.borderRadius = '4px';
homeDeliverySection.style.backgroundColor = '#f1f8f4';
homeDeliverySection.style.display = 'none';
homeDeliverySection.innerHTML = '<h4 style="margin-top: 0;">Voer thuisbezorginformatie in</h4><p>Voer adres, telefoonnummer, enz. in.</p>';
document.body.appendChild(homeDeliverySection);
const storePickupSection = document.createElement('div');
storePickupSection.id = 'store-pickup';
storePickupSection.style.padding = '15px';
storePickupSection.style.margin = '10px';
storePickupSection.style.border = '2px solid #2196F3';
storePickupSection.style.borderRadius = '4px';
storePickupSection.style.backgroundColor = '#e3f2fd';
storePickupSection.style.display = 'none';
storePickupSection.innerHTML = '<h4 style="margin-top: 0;">Voer ophaalinformatie winkel in</h4><p>Selecteer ophaalwinkel</p>';
document.body.appendChild(storePickupSection);
fromEvent(shippingMethodSelect, 'change').pipe(
map(() => shippingMethodSelect.value),
startWith(shippingMethodSelect.value)
).subscribe(method => {
if (method === 'home-delivery') {
homeDeliverySection.style.display = 'block';
storePickupSection.style.display = 'none';
} else if (method === 'store-pickup') {
homeDeliverySection.style.display = 'none';
storePickupSection.style.display = 'block';
} else {
homeDeliverySection.style.display = 'none';
storePickupSection.style.display = 'none';
}
});Verzendkosten berekenen met meerdere voorwaarden
import { combineLatest, fromEvent, map, startWith } from 'rxjs';
interface ShippingCalc {
country: string;
weight: number;
shippingMethod: string;
}
const countrySelect = document.createElement('select');
countrySelect.id = 'country';
countrySelect.style.padding = '10px';
countrySelect.style.margin = '10px';
countrySelect.style.fontSize = '16px';
countrySelect.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
countrySelect.style.borderRadius = '4px';
countrySelect.style.display = 'block';
const countryOptions = [
{ value: 'JP', label: 'Japan' },
{ value: 'US', label: 'Verenigde Staten' },
{ value: 'OTHER', label: 'Overig' }
];
countryOptions.forEach(option => {
const optionEl = document.createElement('option');
optionEl.value = option.value;
optionEl.textContent = option.label;
countrySelect.appendChild(optionEl);
});
document.body.appendChild(countrySelect);
const weightInput = document.createElement('input');
weightInput.id = 'weight';
weightInput.type = 'number';
weightInput.placeholder = 'Gewicht (kg)';
weightInput.min = '0';
weightInput.step = '0.1';
weightInput.value = '1';
weightInput.style.padding = '10px';
weightInput.style.margin = '10px';
weightInput.style.width = '200px';
weightInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
weightInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
weightInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
weightInput.style.display = 'block';
document.body.appendChild(weightInput);
const shippingMethodSelect = document.createElement('select');
shippingMethodSelect.id = 'shipping-method';
shippingMethodSelect.style.padding = '10px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.margin = '10px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.fontSize = '16px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
shippingMethodSelect.style.borderRadius = '4px';
shippingMethodSelect.style.display = 'block';
const methodOptions = [
{ value: 'standard', label: 'Standaard verzending' },
{ value: 'express', label: 'Expresverzending' }
];
methodOptions.forEach(option => {
const optionEl = document.createElement('option');
optionEl.value = option.value;
optionEl.textContent = option.label;
shippingMethodSelect.appendChild(optionEl);
});
document.body.appendChild(shippingMethodSelect);
const shippingCostDisplay = document.createElement('div');
shippingCostDisplay.id = 'shipping-cost';
shippingCostDisplay.style.padding = '15px';
shippingCostDisplay.style.margin = '10px';
shippingCostDisplay.style.fontSize = '20px';
shippingCostDisplay.style.fontWeight = 'bold';
shippingCostDisplay.style.color = '#2196F3';
shippingCostDisplay.style.border = '2px solid #2196F3';
shippingCostDisplay.style.borderRadius = '4px';
shippingCostDisplay.style.backgroundColor = '#e3f2fd';
shippingCostDisplay.textContent = 'Verzending: €0';
document.body.appendChild(shippingCostDisplay);
const country$ = fromEvent(countrySelect, 'change').pipe(
map(() => countrySelect.value),
startWith(countrySelect.value)
);
const weight$ = fromEvent(weightInput, 'input').pipe(
map(() => parseFloat(weightInput.value) || 0),
startWith(parseFloat(weightInput.value) || 1)
);
const shippingMethod$ = fromEvent(shippingMethodSelect, 'change').pipe(
map(() => shippingMethodSelect.value),
startWith(shippingMethodSelect.value)
);
combineLatest([country$, weight$, shippingMethod$]).pipe(
map(([country, weight, shippingMethod]): ShippingCalc => ({
country,
weight,
shippingMethod
})),
map(calc => calculateShippingCost(calc))
).subscribe(cost => {
shippingCostDisplay.textContent = `Verzending: €${cost.toLocaleString()}`;
});
function calculateShippingCost(calc: ShippingCalc): number {
let baseCost = 0;
// Basiskosten per land
if (calc.country === 'JP') {
baseCost = 500;
} else if (calc.country === 'US') {
baseCost = 2000;
} else {
baseCost = 3000;
}
// Extra kosten per gewicht (€100/kg voor gewicht boven 1kg)
if (calc.weight > 1) {
baseCost += Math.ceil(calc.weight - 1) * 100;
}
// Vermenigvuldiger per verzendmethode
if (calc.shippingMethod === 'express') {
baseCost *= 2;
}
return baseCost;
}Gebruik van combineLatest
Het beste te gebruiken bij het combineren van waarden van meerdere velden voor berekening en weergave.
- Verzendcalculator (land + gewicht + verzendmethode)
- Kortingsberekeningen (product + coupon + lidmaatschapsrang)
- Zoekfilters (categorie + prijsbereik + beoordeling)
Verzendverwerking en dubbele verzending voorkomen
Probleem: Ik wil dubbele verzendingen voorkomen door op knop te hameren
Wanneer de formulierverzendknop herhaaldelijk wordt ingedrukt, worden dezelfde gegevens meerdere keren verzonden.
Oplossing: Dubbele verzendingen voorkomen met exhaustMap
import { fromEvent, of, exhaustMap, tap, catchError, finalize } from 'rxjs';
interface FormData {
name: string;
email: string;
message: string;
}
const form = document.createElement('form');
form.id = 'contact-form';
form.style.padding = '20px';
form.style.margin = '10px';
form.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
form.style.borderRadius = '8px';
form.style.maxWidth = '500px';
form.style.backgroundColor = '#f9f9f9';
const nameInput = document.createElement('input');
nameInput.type = 'text';
nameInput.name = 'name';
nameInput.placeholder = 'Naam';
nameInput.required = true;
nameInput.style.padding = '10px';
nameInput.style.margin = '10px 0';
nameInput.style.width = '100%';
nameInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
nameInput.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';
nameInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
nameInput.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';
form.appendChild(nameInput);
const emailInput = document.createElement('input');
emailInput.type = 'email';
emailInput.name = 'email';
emailInput.placeholder = 'E-mailadres';
emailInput.required = true;
emailInput.style.padding = '10px';
emailInput.style.margin = '10px 0';
emailInput.style.width = '100%';
emailInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
emailInput.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';
emailInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
emailInput.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';
form.appendChild(emailInput);
const messageTextarea = document.createElement('textarea');
messageTextarea.name = 'message';
messageTextarea.placeholder = 'Bericht';
messageTextarea.required = true;
messageTextarea.rows = 5;
messageTextarea.style.padding = '10px';
messageTextarea.style.margin = '10px 0';
messageTextarea.style.width = '100%';
messageTextarea.style.fontSize = '16px';
messageTextarea.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';
messageTextarea.style.borderRadius = '4px';
messageTextarea.style.resize = 'vertical';
messageTextarea.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';
form.appendChild(messageTextarea);
const submitButton = document.createElement('button');
submitButton.id = 'submit-button';
submitButton.type = 'submit';
submitButton.textContent = 'Verzenden';
submitButton.style.padding = '12px 30px';
submitButton.style.margin = '10px 0';
submitButton.style.fontSize = '16px';
submitButton.style.fontWeight = 'bold';
submitButton.style.color = '#fff';
submitButton.style.backgroundColor = '#2196F3';
submitButton.style.border = 'none';
submitButton.style.borderRadius = '4px';
submitButton.style.cursor = 'pointer';
form.appendChild(submitButton);
document.body.appendChild(form);
const statusMessage = document.createElement('div');
statusMessage.id = 'status-message';
statusMessage.style.padding = '10px';
statusMessage.style.margin = '10px';
statusMessage.style.fontSize = '16px';
statusMessage.style.borderRadius = '4px';
statusMessage.style.minHeight = '20px';
document.body.appendChild(statusMessage);
fromEvent(form, 'submit').pipe(
tap(event => {
event.preventDefault();
submitButton.disabled = true;
submitButton.textContent = 'Verzenden...';
submitButton.style.backgroundColor = '#999';
statusMessage.textContent = '';
}),
exhaustMap(() => {
// Formuliergegevens verzamelen
const formData = new FormData(form);
const data: FormData = {
name: formData.get('name') as string,
email: formData.get('email') as string,
message: formData.get('message') as string
};
return submitForm(data).pipe(
catchError(err => {
console.error('Verzendfout:', err);
return of({ success: false, error: err.message });
})
);
}),
finalize(() => {
submitButton.disabled = false;
submitButton.textContent = 'Verzenden';
submitButton.style.backgroundColor = '#2196F3';
})
).subscribe(result => {
if (result.success) {
statusMessage.textContent = 'Verzending succesvol!';
statusMessage.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
statusMessage.style.color = '#155724';
statusMessage.style.border = '1px solid #c3e6cb';
form.reset();
} else {
const errorText = 'error' in result ? result.error : 'Onbekende fout';
statusMessage.textContent = `Verzending mislukt: ${errorText}`;
statusMessage.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
statusMessage.style.color = '#721c24';
statusMessage.style.border = '1px solid #f5c6cb';
}
});
// Formulierverzend-API (mock)
function submitForm(data: FormData) {
console.log('Formulier verzenden:', data);
return of({ success: true });
}exhaustMap gedrag:
Gebruiker klikt: ● ●●● ●
| | |
exhaustMap: ● ●
| |
API-oproep API-oproep
(na gereed) (na gereed)
※ Klikken tijdens verzending worden genegeerdBelang van exhaustMap
exhaustMap negeert nieuwe waarden totdat de vorige Observable is voltooid. Dit maakt mogelijk:
- Voorkomt dubbele verzendingen door op knop te drukken
- Blokkeert extra verzoeken tijdens API-oproepen
- Voorkomt gebruikersfouten
Validatie voor verzending
import { fromEvent, combineLatest, map, startWith, exhaustMap, withLatestFrom, filter, tap, of } from 'rxjs';
interface FormData {
name: string;
email: string;
message: string;
}
const form = document.createElement('form');
form.id = 'contact-form';
form.style.padding = '20px';
form.style.margin = '10px';
form.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
form.style.borderRadius = '8px';
form.style.maxWidth = '500px';
form.style.backgroundColor = '#f9f9f9';
const nameInput = document.createElement('input');
nameInput.id = 'name';
nameInput.type = 'text';
nameInput.placeholder = 'Naam';
nameInput.style.padding = '10px';
nameInput.style.margin = '10px 0';
nameInput.style.width = '100%';
nameInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
nameInput.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';
nameInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
nameInput.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';
form.appendChild(nameInput);
const emailInput = document.createElement('input');
emailInput.id = 'email';
emailInput.type = 'email';
emailInput.placeholder = 'E-mailadres';
emailInput.style.padding = '10px';
emailInput.style.margin = '10px 0';
emailInput.style.width = '100%';
emailInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
emailInput.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';
emailInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
emailInput.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';
form.appendChild(emailInput);
const messageTextarea = document.createElement('textarea');
messageTextarea.id = 'message';
messageTextarea.placeholder = 'Bericht (minimaal 10 tekens)';
messageTextarea.rows = 5;
messageTextarea.style.padding = '10px';
messageTextarea.style.margin = '10px 0';
messageTextarea.style.width = '100%';
messageTextarea.style.fontSize = '16px';
messageTextarea.style.border = '1px solid #ccc';
messageTextarea.style.borderRadius = '4px';
messageTextarea.style.resize = 'vertical';
messageTextarea.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';
form.appendChild(messageTextarea);
const submitButton = document.createElement('button');
submitButton.id = 'submit-button';
submitButton.type = 'submit';
submitButton.textContent = 'Verzenden';
submitButton.disabled = true;
submitButton.style.padding = '12px 30px';
submitButton.style.margin = '10px 0';
submitButton.style.fontSize = '16px';
submitButton.style.fontWeight = 'bold';
submitButton.style.color = '#fff';
submitButton.style.backgroundColor = '#999';
submitButton.style.border = 'none';
submitButton.style.borderRadius = '4px';
submitButton.style.cursor = 'not-allowed';
form.appendChild(submitButton);
document.body.appendChild(form);
// Validatiestatus voor elk veld
const nameValid$ = fromEvent(nameInput, 'input').pipe(
map(() => nameInput.value.trim().length > 0),
startWith(false)
);
const emailValid$ = fromEvent(emailInput, 'input').pipe(
map(() => /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/.test(emailInput.value)),
startWith(false)
);
const messageValid$ = fromEvent(messageTextarea, 'input').pipe(
map(() => messageTextarea.value.trim().length >= 10),
startWith(false)
);
// Controleer of alle velden geldig zijn
const formValid$ = combineLatest([nameValid$, emailValid$, messageValid$]).pipe(
map(([name, email, message]) => name && email && message)
);
// Schakel verzendknop in-/uitschakelen
formValid$.subscribe(valid => {
submitButton.disabled = !valid;
if (valid) {
submitButton.style.backgroundColor = '#2196F3';
submitButton.style.cursor = 'pointer';
} else {
submitButton.style.backgroundColor = '#999';
submitButton.style.cursor = 'not-allowed';
}
});
// Formulierverzendverwerking
fromEvent(form, 'submit').pipe(
tap(event => event.preventDefault()),
withLatestFrom(formValid$),
filter(([_, valid]) => valid), // Alleen wanneer validatie slaagt
exhaustMap(() => {
const data = {
name: nameInput.value,
email: emailInput.value,
message: messageTextarea.value
};
return submitForm(data);
})
).subscribe(result => {
console.log('Verzending voltooid:', result);
form.reset();
});
// Formulierverzend-API (mock)
function submitForm(data: FormData) {
console.log('Formulier verzenden:', data);
return of({ success: true });
}withLatestFrom gebruiken
Met withLatestFrom kunt u de laatste validatiestatus controleren bij het verzenden.
Foutweergave en resetverwerking
Gecentraliseerd formulierenbeheer van fouten
import { BehaviorSubject} from 'rxjs';
class FormErrorManager {
private errors$ = new BehaviorSubject<Map<string, string>>(new Map());
private elementCache = new Map<string, { error: HTMLElement; input: HTMLElement }>();
setError(field: string, message: string): void {
const currentErrors = this.errors$.value;
currentErrors.set(field, message);
this.errors$.next(new Map(currentErrors));
this.displayError(field, message);
}
clearError(field: string): void {
const currentErrors = this.errors$.value;
currentErrors.delete(field);
this.errors$.next(new Map(currentErrors));
this.hideError(field);
}
clearAllErrors(): void {
this.errors$.next(new Map());
this.hideAllErrors();
}
hasErrors(): boolean {
return this.errors$.value.size > 0;
}
getErrors() {
return this.errors$.asObservable();
}
// Registreer elementen voor een veld (moet worden aangeroepen voor gebruik van setError/clearError)
registerField(field: string, inputElement: HTMLElement, errorElement: HTMLElement): void {
this.elementCache.set(field, { input: inputElement, error: errorElement });
}
private displayError(field: string, message: string): void {
const elements = this.elementCache.get(field);
if (!elements) {
console.warn(`Veld "${field}" niet geregistreerd. Roep eerst registerField() aan.`);
return;
}
elements.error.textContent = message;
elements.error.style.display = 'block';
elements.input.style.borderColor = '#f44336';
elements.input.style.backgroundColor = '#ffebee';
}
private hideError(field: string): void {
const elements = this.elementCache.get(field);
if (!elements) {
return;
}
elements.error.textContent = '';
elements.error.style.display = 'none';
elements.input.style.borderColor = '#ccc';
elements.input.style.backgroundColor = '#fff';
}
private hideAllErrors(): void {
this.elementCache.forEach((elements) => {
elements.error.style.display = 'none';
elements.error.textContent = '';
elements.input.style.borderColor = '#ccc';
elements.input.style.backgroundColor = '#fff';
});
}
}
// Gebruiksvoorbeeld (Zelfstandig: maakt formulierelementen dynamisch aan)
const errorManager = new FormErrorManager();
// Maak e-mailinvoer en foutelementen
const emailInput = document.createElement('input');
emailInput.id = 'email';
emailInput.type = 'email';
emailInput.placeholder = 'E-mailadres';
emailInput.style.padding = '10px';
emailInput.style.margin = '10px';
emailInput.style.width = '300px';
emailInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
emailInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
emailInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
emailInput.style.display = 'block';
document.body.appendChild(emailInput);
const emailError = document.createElement('div');
emailError.id = 'email-error';
emailError.style.margin = '0 10px 10px 10px';
emailError.style.color = '#f44336';
emailError.style.fontSize = '14px';
emailError.style.display = 'none';
document.body.appendChild(emailError);
// Maak wachtwoordinvoer en foutelementen
const passwordInput = document.createElement('input');
passwordInput.id = 'password';
passwordInput.type = 'password';
passwordInput.placeholder = 'Wachtwoord';
passwordInput.style.padding = '10px';
passwordInput.style.margin = '10px';
passwordInput.style.width = '300px';
passwordInput.style.fontSize = '16px';
passwordInput.style.border = '2px solid #ccc';
passwordInput.style.borderRadius = '4px';
passwordInput.style.display = 'block';
document.body.appendChild(passwordInput);
const passwordError = document.createElement('div');
passwordError.id = 'password-error';
passwordError.style.margin = '0 10px 10px 10px';
passwordError.style.color = '#f44336';
passwordError.style.fontSize = '14px';
passwordError.style.display = 'none';
document.body.appendChild(passwordError);
// Registreer velden bij foutenbeheerder
errorManager.registerField('email', emailInput, emailError);
errorManager.registerField('password', passwordInput, passwordError);
// Stel fouten in
errorManager.setError('email', 'E-mailadresformaat is onjuist');
errorManager.setError('password', 'Wachtwoord moet minimaal 8 tekens bevatten');
// Wis fouten
setTimeout(() => {
errorManager.clearError('email');
}, 2000);
// Wis alle fouten
setTimeout(() => {
errorManager.clearAllErrors();
}, 4000);
// Controleer fouten
errorManager.getErrors().subscribe(errors => {
console.log('Huidig aantal fouten:', errors.size);
});Formulierstatusbeheer
Volledige formulierstatusbeheersklasse
import { BehaviorSubject, Observable } from 'rxjs';
interface FormState<T> {
value: T;
valid: boolean;
dirty: boolean;
touched: boolean;
submitting: boolean;
}
class ReactiveForm<T extends Record<string, any>> {
private state$: BehaviorSubject<FormState<T>>;
private validators: Map<keyof T, ((value: any) => boolean)[]> = new Map();
constructor(initialValue: T) {
this.state$ = new BehaviorSubject<FormState<T>>({
value: initialValue,
valid: false,
dirty: false,
touched: false,
submitting: false
});
}
// Veldwaarde bijwerken
setValue(field: keyof T, value: any): void {
const currentState = this.state$.value;
const newValue = { ...currentState.value, [field]: value };
this.state$.next({
...currentState,
value: newValue,
valid: this.validateForm(newValue),
dirty: true
});
}
// Validator toevoegen
addValidator(field: keyof T, validator: (value: any) => boolean): void {
const validators = this.validators.get(field) || [];
validators.push(validator);
this.validators.set(field, validators);
}
// Volledig formulier valideren
private validateForm(value: T): boolean {
for (const [field, validators] of this.validators.entries()) {
const fieldValue = value[field];
const isValid = validators.every(validator => validator(fieldValue));
if (!isValid) return false;
}
return true;
}
// Touched-vlag instellen
setTouched(field: keyof T): void {
const currentState = this.state$.value;
this.state$.next({
...currentState,
touched: true
});
}
// Verzendstatus instellen
setSubmitting(submitting: boolean): void {
const currentState = this.state$.value;
this.state$.next({
...currentState,
submitting
});
}
// Formulier resetten
reset(initialValue?: T): void {
const resetValue = initialValue || this.state$.value.value;
this.state$.next({
value: resetValue,
valid: false,
dirty: false,
touched: false,
submitting: false
});
}
// Status ophalen
getState(): Observable<FormState<T>> {
return this.state$.asObservable();
}
getValue(): T {
return this.state$.value.value;
}
isValid(): boolean {
return this.state$.value.valid;
}
isDirty(): boolean {
return this.state$.value.dirty;
}
}
// Gebruiksvoorbeeld
interface UserForm {
name: string;
email: string;
age: number;
}
const userForm = new ReactiveForm<UserForm>({
name: '',
email: '',
age: 0
});
// Validators toevoegen
userForm.addValidator('name', value => value.length > 0);
userForm.addValidator('email', value => /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/.test(value));
userForm.addValidator('age', value => value >= 18);
// Waarden bijwerken
userForm.setValue('name', 'John Doe');
userForm.setValue('email', 'john@example.com');
userForm.setValue('age', 25);
// Status volgen
userForm.getState().subscribe(state => {
console.log('Formulierstatus:', state);
console.log('Geldig:', state.valid);
console.log('Gewijzigd:', state.dirty);
});
// Formulierverzending
if (userForm.isValid()) {
userForm.setSubmitting(true);
const formData = userForm.getValue();
console.log('Verzendgegevens:', formData);
// Na API-oproep
userForm.setSubmitting(false);
userForm.reset();
}Voordelen van aangepaste formulierklassen
- Gecentraliseerd statusbeheer: Beheer alle formulierstatus op één plaats
- Validatie-integratie: Flexibele validatieregels per veld
- Reactieve updates: Automatische melding van statuswijzigingen
- Herbruikbaarheid: Gebruik dezelfde logica voor meerdere formulieren
Testcode
Voorbeeldtest van formulierverwerking.
import { debounceTime, map } from 'rxjs';
import { TestScheduler } from 'rxjs/testing';
describe('Formulierverwerking', () => {
let testScheduler: TestScheduler;
beforeEach(() => {
testScheduler = new TestScheduler((actual, expected) => {
expect(actual).toEqual(expected);
});
});
it('moet e-mail valideren met debounce', () => {
testScheduler.run(({ cold, expectObservable }) => {
const input$ = cold('a-b-c----|', {
a: 'test',
b: 'test@',
c: 'test@example.com'
});
const result$ = input$.pipe(
debounceTime(300, testScheduler),
map(email => /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/.test(email))
);
expectObservable(result$).toBe('-----c----|', { c: true });
});
});
it('moet dubbele verzending voorkomen met exhaustMap', () => {
testScheduler.run(({ cold, hot, expectObservable }) => {
const submit$ = hot('a--b-c----d|');
const result$ = submit$.pipe(
exhaustMap(() => cold('---x|', { x: 'verzonden' }))
);
// Alleen de eerste en laatste verzending worden verwerkt
expectObservable(result$).toBe('---x-----x|', { x: 'verzonden' });
});
});
});Samenvatting
Door formulierverwerkingspatronen onder de knie te krijgen, kunt u gebruiksvriendelijke en robuuste formulieren implementeren.
Belangrijkste punten
- Realtime validatie: debounceTime + distinctUntilChanged
- Automatisch opslaan: debounceTime + switchMap om overmatig opslaan te voorkomen
- Coördinatie van meerdere velden: Combineer waarden met combineLatest
- Dubbele verzending voorkomen: Blokkeer extra verzoeken tijdens verzending met exhaustMap
- Statusbeheer: Centraliseer formulierstatus met BehaviorSubject
Best practices
- Onmiddellijke feedback: Verbeter UX met realtime validatie
- Geschikte vertraging: Stel debounceTime in (300ms tot 2000ms)
- Visuele feedback: Duidelijke indicatie van fouten, opslagstatus
- Toegankelijkheid: aria-attributen, juiste plaatsing van foutmeldingen
- Testen: Test altijd validatielogica
Volgende stappen
Zodra u formulierverwerkingspatronen onder de knie heeft, ga dan verder met de volgende patronen:
- API-aanroepen - Formulierverzending en API-integratie
- UI-gebeurtenisafhandeling - UI-gebeurtenissen in formulieren
- Realtimegegevensverwerking - Realtime validatie, server-side validatie
- Cachingstrategieën - Caching van formuliergegevens
Gerelateerde secties
- Hoofdstuk 3: Creation Functions - Details van combineLatest, withLatestFrom
- Hoofdstuk 4: Operators - debounceTime, exhaustMap details
- Hoofdstuk 5: Subject - Gebruik van BehaviorSubject
Referentiebronnen
- RxJS Officieel: combineLatest - Meer info over combineLatest
- RxJS Officieel: exhaustMap - Details van exhaustMap